I-China inemboni yendwangu enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni kanye nochungechunge lwezimboni oluphelele kakhulu olunezigaba eziphelele kakhulu. Izindwangu zaseShayina zihlanganisa izintambo, izindwangu, izingubo nokunye. Kusukela ngo-2015, ivolumu yokucubungula i-fiber yaseShayina yafinyelela kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-53, okwenza ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-50 engqikithi yomhlaba. I-China ingumkhiqizi omkhulukazi emhlabeni wonke futhi ithumela kwamanye amazwe izindwangu nezingubo. Imboni yezindwangu yaseChina yake yahola umhlaba iminyaka eyishumi. I-China ihamba phambili emhlabeni ekuthumeleni impahla ngaphandle. Ukuncintisana kwemboni yendwangu nezingubo, ehlukaniswe imboni yendwangu kanye nemboni yokukhiqiza izingubo, imboni yokuncintisana kakhulu eChina. Inamandla kakhulu emhlabeni ngokwesabelo semakethe yamazwe ngamazwe, inkomba yokuncintisana kwezohwebo kanye nenkomba yenzuzo yokuqhathanisa engokoqobo.
Imboni yezindwangu yaseShayina inomlando omude wokuthuthuka, kusukela ekuqaleni kwe-Neolithic agezi kahle ubuchwepheshe bezindwangu. Ubuchwepheshe bendwangu ye-silika ne-flax e-China yasendulo bafinyelela izinga eliphezulu kakhulu futhi bajabulela idumela elihle emhlabeni. Umbuso WaseRoma Wasendulo waqala ukusabalalisa usilika ngoMgwaqo kasilika futhi wabiza iShayina ngokuthi "Izwe likasilika". Imboni yezindwangu yaseChina ekuqaleni yayihlanganisa imicu yamakhemikhali, izindwangu zikakotini, izindwangu zoboya, izindwangu ze-hemp, usilika, ukunitha, ukuphrinta nokudaya, izingubo zokugqoka, izindwangu zasekhaya, imishini yezindwangu nezinye izimboni. Ngemuva kweminyaka yokuthuthuka, imboni yendwangu isisungule kancane kancane imboni yendwangu yesimanje enezindwangu zasendlini, izindwangu zezingubo kanye nezindwangu zezimboni njengezinhlelo ezintathu. Ngo-2020, umthamo wokucubungula i-fiber embonini yendwangu yaseShayina ubalelwa ngaphezu kwama-50% omhlaba, futhi umthamo wawo wokuthekelisa ubalelwa ku-1/3 womhlaba. Bekulokhu kuyimboni enensalela enkulu yohwebo lwangaphandle eShayina, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwefayibha ngomuntu ngamunye sekufinyelele ezingeni lamazwe athuthuke ngokumaphakathi emhlabeni. Phambilini, imboni yezindwangu yaseShayina yathathwa ngephutha ngokuthi “imboni yokushona kwelanga”, kodwa manje emazweni omhlaba, hhayi kuphela imikhakha emikhulu, futhi ephelele kunazo zonke zezimboni, uhlelo lwezimboni oluphelele kakhulu, isayensi yezimboni kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhamba phambili emhlabeni, ikakhulukazi uhlobo lwasekhaya luye lwaqashelwa kabanzi kuzo zombili izimakethe zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe. Phakathi kwezimboni ezinhlanu (zendwangu, izinto zikagesi zasendlini, izinto zokwakha, insimbi nensimbi, nezitimela ezihamba ngesivinini esikhulu) ezisohlwini lokuqala lwezimboni ezikhiqiza umhlaba wonke eChina, imboni yendwangu ihamba phambili.
Ingxenye yemakethe yemboni yendwangu nezingubo yaseChina ikleliswe endaweni yesibili emhlabeni, ephindwe kasithupha kuneyase-Italy, iphindwe kasikhombisa kuneyaseJalimane neka-12 eyase-United States cishe eminyakeni eyishumi edlule. Inkomba yokuncintisana kwezohwebo yaseShayina ibilokhu ingaphezulu kuka-0.6 isikhathi eside, futhi inkomba yokuncintisana kwezohwebo yezingubo isisondele ku-1 isikhathi eside. Inkomba yenzuzo yokuqhathanisa ecacile ngokuvamile ingaphezu kuka-2.5, okubonisa ukuthi imboni inokuncintisana okuqinile kwamanye amazwe. Ukukhiqiza kwemboni yendwangu nezingubo yaseChina kwakuvame ukuphinda izikhathi ezingu-9 kune-Italy futhi izikhathi ezingu-14 kunase-United States, okusho ngokungangabazeki ukuthi le mboni inokuncintisana okuqinile kwamanye amazwe. Ikakhulukazi, eshumini lesithathu leminyaka lezinguquko kanye nokuvula, i-China yabeka kuqala ekuphumeni kwe-chemical fiber, intambo, indwangu, indwangu yoboya, izimpahla zikasilika nezingubo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokwezibalo ezifanele ezivela e-United States, i-European Union kanye ne-Japan, ngo-2020, i-China yabalelwa ku-33%, 43.9% kanye no-58.6% wesamba esiphelele sendwangu nezingubo ezivela e-United States, European Union nase-Japan ngokulandelana. Phakathi kwazo, imikhiqizo yeMask evela eChina ibibusa imakethe, ibalwa ngama-83%, 91.3% kanye nama-89.9% okuthengiswa kwemaski okuvela e-US, EU naseJapan ngokulandelana.
Uma kuqhathaniswa namazwe aseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia anezindleko eziphansi, iChina inezinzuzo zemvelo: 1) Imboni yezindwangu yaseChina inomlando omude, izinto ezingavuthiwe eziphelele kanye nochungechunge oluphelele lokuhlinzeka, okuyisizathu esiyinhloko sokubuyiswa kwama-oda ngesikhathi sodlame. 1) Isimo sobhubhane e-China sizinzile, futhi i-China ingeyokuqala ukuqala kabusha umsebenzi nokukhiqiza. Izimboni kanye namaketango okuhlinzeka ajwayelekile, futhi ama-oda angalethwa njengoba kuhleliwe. 3) Imboni yezindwangu yaseShayina isebenza endaweni yesikhulumi se-industrial automation enezindleko eziphansi zokukhiqiza ngobuningi.
Idolobha laseChina elidumile lendwangu: Hebei Gaoyang. Gaoyang textile waqala ngasekupheleni Ming Dynasty, Xing ngasekupheleni Qing Dynasty, echumayo ekuqaleni Republic of China, iminyaka engaphezu kuka-400 ifa, the County textile amabhizinisi angaphezu kuka-4000. Umbukiso wendwangu yasekhaya waminyaka yonke umcimbi omkhulu wemboni yendwangu kazwelonke. Inemnyuziyamu yendwangu enkulu kunazo zonke enezinto zomlando eziphelele kanye nesikhungo esikhulu kunazo zonke sokuhlanza indle esisezingeni lesifunda esifundazweni. Kuyafaneleka ukubalula ukuthi imboni yendwangu ye-Gao Yang ithuthuke kakhulu, amathawula, uvolo, ingubo yokukhiqiza imikhiqizo emithathu eyinhloko ebalelwa ku-38.8%, 24.7% kanye no-26% wesamba sezwe, ingesinye sesikhungo esikhulu kunazo zonke sokusabalalisa ukotini ezweni, iphethe imakethe enkulu kunazo zonke yezwe yokuthengisa amathawula, i-gao Yang textile trade industry - idolobha elikhulu lokukhiqiza izindwangu ze-Xblanket ezweni lase-Xblanket.
China Light Textile City itholakala Keqiao District, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province. Yasungulwa ngo-Okthoba 1988, uShaoxing Keqiao udale izinganekwane eziningi zengcebo futhi waba inhloko-dolobha yezindwangu yamazwe ngamazwe "ehlanganisa umhlaba wonke". I-China Textile City ihlanganisa indawo engamamitha-skwele ayizigidi ezingu-1.8, nendawo yokwakha isiyonke engu-3.9 million square metres. Minyaka yonke, indwangu ethengiswa lapha yenza i-1/3 yezwe kanye ne-1/4 yomhlaba. Ngo-2020, amaqembu ezimakethe ze-China textile City azuze inzuzo yama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-216.325. Umthamo wokwenziwayo wezimakethe ze-inthanethi nezingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi zase-China Textile City ufinyelele kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-277.03. Ikleliswe endaweni yokuqala emakethe ye-wholesale yobungcweti yaseChina iminyaka engama-32 ilandelana. Manje isiyisikhungo esikhulu sokusabalalisa izindwangu esinezinsiza eziphelele kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo e-China, kanye nemakethe enkulu yobungcweti bendwangu ekhanyayo e-Asia.
I-China isahola umhlaba wonke emkhakheni we-chemical fiber filament. Ingqikithi yokukhiqizwa kwefayibha emhlabeni ingaphezu kwamathani ayizigidi ezingama-90. Amaphesenti angu-70 amathani ayizigidi ezingu-90 okukhiqizwa kwefayibha yi-chemical fiber, cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingu-65, lapho i-chemical fiber filament ingaba amathani ayizigidi ezingu-40. Kuyabonakala ukuthi imicu yamakhemikhali ilawulwa imicu. Iningi lamathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-40 we-chemical fiber filament emhlabeni akhiqizwa eChina.
I-China ingumkhiqizi omkhulu kakotini kanye nomthengi emhlabeni. Njengoba ukukhiqizwa kukakotini wasekhaya akukwazi ukuhlangabezana nesidingo, i-China isadinga ukuthengwa kwempahla evela phesheya ukuze yengeze isidingo. Kodwa ikakhulukazi ukotini oluhlaza othengwa kwamanye amazwe. Umthamo wokungenisa ukotini ngo-2020 wawungamathani ayizigidi ezi-2.1545, wenyuka ngo-16.67% unyaka nonyaka. Phakathi kwazo, i-United States, iBrazil kanye ne-India yimithombo emithathu ephezulu yokungenisa. Mayelana nokutholakala kwasekhaya, ukutshalwa kukakotini e-China kusatshalaliswa kakhulu emfuleni i-Yangtze kanye ne-Yellow River nasezindaweni zokukhiqiza e-Xinjiang, lapho ukukhiqizwa kwezindawo zokukhiqiza i-xinjiang kubala cishe u-45% womkhiqizo ophelele kazwelonke, lowo wesigodi soMfula iYellow ubalelwa ku-25%, kanti lowo womfula i-Yangtze ubalelwa cishe u-10%. Kuhle ukusho ukuthi ukotini we-xinjiang uyimpahla esezingeni eliphezulu emhlabeni, njengoba isisekelo sokukhiqiza ukotini sekhwalithi ephezulu yaseChina, ukukhiqizwa kukakotini kwe-xinjiang ngo-2020 bekungamathani ayizigidi ezi-5.161, okubalwa ku-87.3% wezwe, okuyingxenye eyodwa kwezinhlanu zomhlaba. Kungashiwo ukuthi kungenxa yesivuno esiphezulu se-xinjiang kanye nezinga eliphezulu likakotini ukuthi amandla ayisisekelo aseShayina ezweni lokuqala elikhiqiza ukotini emhlabeni asekelwa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-07-2022